There is a very important fact regarding the cables, and that is that in the first two revisions of the interface, which had a Mini DisplayPort connector, the cables could be either copper or optical, the former having a maximum length of only three meters but seconds up to 60 meters. This seems strange because the new V4 interface will take advantage of the enormous bandwidth that PCI-Express 4.0 offers, but they have considered that the latest revision does not need more bandwidth but more compatibility with more devices and more capacity to provide power, which is what modern external devices demand. The same is true for the bandwidth of each of these versions, from 20 Gbps in the V1 and V2 versions, it doubled in V3 and will remain in Thunderbolt 4.
Looking at the table it is obvious that the improvements in this interface have been coming two by two While the V1 and V2 versions used Mini DisplayPort as a connector, from V3 the new reversible USB-C connector began to be used, something that will be repeated in the fourth version. USB 4 Hot Plug Yes Yes Yes Yes Daisy chain Yes, up to 6 devices Yes, up to 6 devices Yes, up to 6 devices Yes, up to 6 devices Thunderbolt 1 Thunderbolt 2 Thunderbolt 3 Thunderbolt 4 Connector type Mini DisplayPort Mini DisplayPort USB-C USB-C Pins twenty twenty 24 24 Bitrate 2×10 Gbps (20 Gbps total) 20 Gbps 40 Gbps 40 Gbps Protocols 4 × PCI Express 2.0 DisplayPort 1.1a 4 × PCI Express 2.0 DisplayPort 1.2 4 × PCI Express 3.0
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